Veterinary dentistry has come a long way in recent years, with technological advancements dramatically improving the ability to diagnose and treat dental diseases. One of the most significant breakthroughs is the introduction of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in veterinary dental imaging. Unlike traditional two-dimensional radiographs, CBCT provides highly detailed, three-dimensional imaging that enhances diagnostic capabilities, treatment planning, and overall patient outcomes.
What is Cone-Beam CT?
Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an advanced imaging modality that captures a three-dimensional representation of an animal’s skull and oral structures. It utilizes a cone-shaped X-ray beam that rotates around the patient, producing a detailed 3D image with minimal radiation exposure compared to conventional CT scans. This technology is widely used in human dentistry and has become increasingly valuable in veterinary medicine, particularly for small animals, exotics, and even equines.
Key Benefits of Cone-Beam CT in Veterinary Dentistry
1. Enhanced Diagnostic Accuracy
CBCT provides unparalleled detail when evaluating dental structures. Traditional radiographs, while useful, are limited by their two-dimensional nature, often leading to superimposition of anatomical structures and missed pathology. CBCT overcomes these limitations by offering:
- Precise visualization of root structures, periapical changes, and alveolar bone loss.
- Improved detection of unerupted, impacted, or supernumerary teeth.
- Clear assessment of oral masses, tumors, and cystic lesions.
2. Improved Detection of Periodontal and Endodontic Disease
Periodontal disease is one of the most common conditions affecting veterinary patients. CBCT allows for:
- Early detection of bone loss and subgingival pockets, which are often obscured in standard radiographs.
- Accurate assessment of tooth resorption in feline patients, a condition frequently underdiagnosed due to poor visibility on dental radiographs.
- Identification of periapical abscesses or fractures that may not be visible on standard intraoral films.
3. Superior Imaging for Brachycephalic Breeds and Crowded Dentition
Brachycephalic breeds (such as French Bulldogs, Pugs, and Persians) often suffer from crowded, rotated, and malformed teeth due to their unique skull anatomy. CBCT is particularly beneficial for these breeds because:
- It provides a detailed 3D view of dental alignment, unerupted teeth, and abnormalities.
- Allows for better surgical planning in cases requiring extractions or orthodontic intervention.
4. Identification of Palatal or Labial Pockets
CBCT is essential for assessing deep palatal or labial pockets that harbor bacteria and debris, leading to chronic inflammation and infection. These pockets are common in breeds with:
- Lingually displaced mandibular canines
- Severe malocclusion cases
- It helps detect concurrent nasal disease or oronasal fistulas (ONFs), which may be present alongside dental pathology.
- Retained deciduous teeth contributing to periodontal compromise
By clearly delineating these areas, CBCT allows for targeted treatment planning and precise surgical interventions.
5. Evaluating Oral Tumors and Neoplasia
Oral tumors in dogs and cats often require extensive evaluation to determine bone involvement, margins, and surgical planning. CBCT aids in:
- Assessing the extent of neoplastic infiltration into surrounding bone.
- Planning surgical margins for tumor removal to ensure complete excision.
- Aiding in post-operative monitoring and recurrence detection.
In cases where biopsy confirmation is necessary, CBCT-guided biopsy techniques ensure accurate sampling of suspicious lesions.
6. Detection and Management of Oronasal Fistulas (ONFs)
ONFs occur when there is communication between the oral and nasal cavities, often as a result of severe periodontal disease, trauma, or complications from extractions. CBCT allows for:
- Precise localization of the defect, facilitating better surgical repair planning.
- Assessment of associated nasal disease, such as rhinitis or sinusitis.
- Minimized recurrence risk by ensuring complete defect closure during surgical correction.
When to Use Cone-Beam CT in Veterinary Dentistry
While traditional dental radiography remains a valuable tool, CBCT should be considered in the following cases:
| Indication | Reason for CBCT Use |
| Brachycephalic breeds | Detailed assessment of crowded, impacted, or missing teeth |
| Unexplained oral pain | Identification of hidden fractures, resorptive lesions, or nerve involvement |
| Suspected periodontal or endodontic disease | Detection of periapical abscesses, bone loss, and root fractures |
| Pre-surgical planning | Ensuring accurate extractions, jaw surgeries, or tumor excisions |
| Oral masses and tumors | Determining bone involvement and guiding biopsy/surgical approaches |
| ONFs or nasal disease | Evaluating fistula size, nasal involvement, and surgical closure planning |
| Persistent oral infections | Identifying deep-seated infections and pathology not visible on 2D radiographs |
The Future of Veterinary Dental Imaging
As CBCT technology becomes more accessible in veterinary dentistry, it is revolutionizing how dental diseases are diagnosed and treated. Clinics incorporating CBCT into their practice can elevate the standard of care, leading to more accurate diagnoses, better treatment outcomes, and improved pet quality of life.
The future holds promise for AI-assisted interpretation of CBCT scans, enabling faster diagnosis and treatment planning. Additionally, advances in lower-dose radiation technology will further enhance the safety and accessibility of this imaging modality.
Conclusion
Cone-beam CT is an invaluable tool in veterinary dentistry, providing detailed 3D imaging that significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning. From brachycephalic breeds and crowded dentition to oral tumors and ONFs, CBCT is a game-changer in detecting and managing complex dental conditions. As more veterinary practices adopt this technology, early disease detection and improved patient outcomes will continue to advance, ultimately benefiting pets and their owners alike. At Learn Veterinary Dentist, we can help you gain hands-on experience with advanced veterinary dentistry technology. Contact us today to learn more about our courses to help you expand your knowledge and skills in veterinary dentistry.
Images used under creative commons license – commercial use (03/13.2025) Image by TyliJura from Pixabay